Vol. 2 Issue 2 (Apr–Jun) – 2026
The politics of petroleum industry act (PIA) on oil producing communities development in selected communities in Akwa Ibom state.: An ASSESSMENT
Abstract
This study examined the influence of political dynamics, resource distribution conflicts, and governance challenges on the effectiveness of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) in Akwa Ibom State. The study was motivated by concerns that despite the introduction of the PIA as a reform framework for improving petroleum governance and enhancing benefits to host communities, implementation outcomes in oil-producing areas remain constrained by structural and institutional challenges. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, and data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to respondents drawn from selected oil-producing communities in Akwa Ibom State. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested using the chi-square statistical method at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that political dynamics significantly influence the implementation of the PIA, resource distribution conflicts significantly affect the achievement of its objectives in host communities, and governance challenges alongside corruption significantly reduce the effectiveness of the Act. All null hypotheses were rejected, indicating strong statistical relationships between the variables examined. The study concluded that the effectiveness of the Petroleum Industry Act in Akwa Ibom State is largely shaped by political interference, conflict over resource allocation, and weak governance structures. It recommends strengthening institutional independence, improving transparency in fund management, enhancing inclusive community participation, and enforcing strict anti-corruption measures to ensure effective implementation of the Act.
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Effect of Cow Bone Ash on A Stabilized Lateritic Soil for Road Work
Abstract
This research investigates the potential of cow bone ash (CBA) as a stabilizer for lateritic soil, aiming to improve its geotechnical properties for road construction and mitigate environmental pollution from bone waste disposal. Lateritic soil samples were collected from Peke Airport Road and stabilized with varying percentages of CBA (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). Standard laboratory tests, including specific gravity, particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), were conducted according to British Standards (BS 1377: 1990 and BS 1924: 1990). demonstrating improved geotechnical properties such as increased unsoaked and soaked CBR values (from 51.0% to 57.0% with 10% CBA), reduced Atterberg limits (LL decreased from 44.5% to 30.0% with 10% CBA), and enhanced compaction characteristics (MDD increased from 1660 kg/m³ to 1770 kg/m³ with 10% CBA), while also considering the trade-off of increased optimum moisture content (OMC) from 12.0% to 17.5% with increasing CBA content, necessitating further analysis to determine the optimal CBA percentage for optimal stabilization.
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TOXICITY EFFECT OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia ON BRAIN AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS
Abstract
Background/aim: plants has been the secret lock of many ailment. But understanding the sustained effect of this plant is important to avoid causing health complication. Objective: The effects of subacute Cassia angustifolia on the brain and blood, parameters of wistar rats were investigated in this study. Methods: Rats of both sexes were employed in the experiment. In contrast to groups 2, 3, and 4, which received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of Cassia angustifolia, group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg). Animals were housed in standard cages for 28 days and given oral access to the extract before being weighed and scarified. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique was used for histological studies on the effects of the plant. The brain and heart were also meticulously taken and histologically examined. RBC, HGB, and MCV levels considerably dropped (P <0.05), whereas neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets remained unaltered. Results: RBC, HGB, and MCV levels considerably dropped (P<0.05), whereas neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets remained unaltered. The brains of rats at 100 mg/kg were found to be slightly larger than those of control rats given 50 and 200 mg/kg. Histological examination of the brain revealed normal features at all doses. Conclusion: Ethanol leaf extract of Cassia angustifolia showed no harmful effect to the brain tissue, thus allaying local concerns about it impact on the brain.
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Toxicological evaluation of leaf extract of Terminalia chebula extract on wistar rats biochemical parameters
Abstract
Terminalia chebula is widely utilized in South Asia, ranging from India to Africa. It is frequently utilized in the treatment of many illnesses. The purpose of this study is to determine the toxicity of Terminalia chebula on the lungs, blood, and heart of wistar rats. The first group received distilled water (10 ml/kg), while the second, third, and fourth groups received Terminalia Chebula 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. Animals were kept in conventional cages and provided oral access to extract, water, and food for 28 days before being weighed and slaughtered. Blood was drawn for hematological and chemopathological testing. The lungs and brain were also removed for histopathological examination. There was a substantial (P<0.05) drop in RBC, HGB, and MCV, but no change in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, or platelets. When compared to the control, Terminalia chebula induced a small but not statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the size of the heart and lungs at all doses. When compared to the control, there was no significant (p<0.05) change in triglyceride or HDL levels, however there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in LDL levels. At all doses, there were minor alterations in histological characteristics. The study's findings indicated that at normal doses, the plant may have no adverse compromise on several organs.