Vol. 2 Issue 2 (Apr–Jun) – 2026
The politics of petroleum industry act (PIA) on oil producing communities development in selected communities in Akwa Ibom state.: An ASSESSMENT
Abstract
This study examined the influence of political dynamics, resource distribution conflicts, and governance challenges on the effectiveness of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) in Akwa Ibom State. The study was motivated by concerns that despite the introduction of the PIA as a reform framework for improving petroleum governance and enhancing benefits to host communities, implementation outcomes in oil-producing areas remain constrained by structural and institutional challenges. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, and data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to respondents drawn from selected oil-producing communities in Akwa Ibom State. Three research hypotheses were formulated and tested using the chi-square statistical method at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that political dynamics significantly influence the implementation of the PIA, resource distribution conflicts significantly affect the achievement of its objectives in host communities, and governance challenges alongside corruption significantly reduce the effectiveness of the Act. All null hypotheses were rejected, indicating strong statistical relationships between the variables examined. The study concluded that the effectiveness of the Petroleum Industry Act in Akwa Ibom State is largely shaped by political interference, conflict over resource allocation, and weak governance structures. It recommends strengthening institutional independence, improving transparency in fund management, enhancing inclusive community participation, and enforcing strict anti-corruption measures to ensure effective implementation of the Act.
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Effect of Cow Bone Ash on A Stabilized Lateritic Soil for Road Work
Abstract
This research investigates the potential of cow bone ash (CBA) as a stabilizer for lateritic soil, aiming to improve its geotechnical properties for road construction and mitigate environmental pollution from bone waste disposal. Lateritic soil samples were collected from Peke Airport Road and stabilized with varying percentages of CBA (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). Standard laboratory tests, including specific gravity, particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), were conducted according to British Standards (BS 1377: 1990 and BS 1924: 1990). demonstrating improved geotechnical properties such as increased unsoaked and soaked CBR values (from 51.0% to 57.0% with 10% CBA), reduced Atterberg limits (LL decreased from 44.5% to 30.0% with 10% CBA), and enhanced compaction characteristics (MDD increased from 1660 kg/m³ to 1770 kg/m³ with 10% CBA), while also considering the trade-off of increased optimum moisture content (OMC) from 12.0% to 17.5% with increasing CBA content, necessitating further analysis to determine the optimal CBA percentage for optimal stabilization.
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TOXICITY EFFECT OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia ON BRAIN AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS
Abstract
Background/aim: plants has been the secret lock of many ailment. But understanding the sustained effect of this plant is important to avoid causing health complication. Objective: The effects of subacute Cassia angustifolia on the brain and blood, parameters of wistar rats were investigated in this study. Methods: Rats of both sexes were employed in the experiment. In contrast to groups 2, 3, and 4, which received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of Cassia angustifolia, group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg). Animals were housed in standard cages for 28 days and given oral access to the extract before being weighed and scarified. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique was used for histological studies on the effects of the plant. The brain and heart were also meticulously taken and histologically examined. RBC, HGB, and MCV levels considerably dropped (P <0.05), whereas neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets remained unaltered. Results: RBC, HGB, and MCV levels considerably dropped (P<0.05), whereas neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets remained unaltered. The brains of rats at 100 mg/kg were found to be slightly larger than those of control rats given 50 and 200 mg/kg. Histological examination of the brain revealed normal features at all doses. Conclusion: Ethanol leaf extract of Cassia angustifolia showed no harmful effect to the brain tissue, thus allaying local concerns about it impact on the brain.
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Toxicological evaluation of leaf extract of Terminalia chebula extract on wistar rats biochemical parameters
Abstract
Terminalia chebula is widely utilized in South Asia, ranging from India to Africa. It is frequently utilized in the treatment of many illnesses. The purpose of this study is to determine the toxicity of Terminalia chebula on the lungs, blood, and heart of wistar rats. The first group received distilled water (10 ml/kg), while the second, third, and fourth groups received Terminalia Chebula 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively. Animals were kept in conventional cages and provided oral access to extract, water, and food for 28 days before being weighed and slaughtered. Blood was drawn for hematological and chemopathological testing. The lungs and brain were also removed for histopathological examination. There was a substantial (P<0.05) drop in RBC, HGB, and MCV, but no change in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, or platelets. When compared to the control, Terminalia chebula induced a small but not statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the size of the heart and lungs at all doses. When compared to the control, there was no significant (p<0.05) change in triglyceride or HDL levels, however there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in LDL levels. At all doses, there were minor alterations in histological characteristics. The study's findings indicated that at normal doses, the plant may have no adverse compromise on several organs.
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EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EDUCATIONAL POLICIES ON PRIMARY EDUCATION IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE
Abstract
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE OSUN STATE QUASI-SOVEREIGN SUKUK IN NIGERIA
Abstract
This study quantitatively examined the Osun State quasi sovereign sukuk as a subnational public infrastructure financing tool within the Nigerian subnational public finance system. The research was informed by the fact that it was necessary to leave behind descriptive accounts of sukuk adoption and progress to the quantification of performance. The analysis employed ratio analysis, comparison of trends, and other descriptive statistics using secondary fiscal and project level data in order to determine the structural allocation efficiency, the behavior of the financing costs, the outcomes of the infrastructure delivery and the fiscal exposure of the sukuk issuance. This was done using mathematical indicators such as the financing cost ratios, project completion rate indices, time variance measures, and debt service to revenue ratios. The findings revealed that sukuk proceeds had a high level of asset allocation accuracy with more than two thirds of the assets allocated to core infrastructural assets. The cost ratios of financing observed were also lower than similar conventional subnational borrowing levels, which is also cost efficient. The indicators of infrastructure delivery revealed statistically significant enhancement in completion rates and less implementation variance after the issuance of the sukuk. Fiscal exposure ratios also indicated that sukuk services liabilities were at comfortable and sustainable levels with respect to state revenues. The results suggested that, given the correct structure and incorporated into the fiscal planning scheme, quasi sovereign sukuk can be an efficient and fiscally disciplined infrastructure financing tool.
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Cardiac Arrest in Athletes, Footballers, and the General Population: A Contemporary Analysis of Risk Factors, Prevention, and Emergency Response Strategies
Abstract
Background: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains a leading cause of death in athletes and a major public health burden. Significant disparities in survival persist, indicating gaps in prevention, preparedness, and response systems. Objective: This systematic review synthesizes contemporary evidence (2017-2024) on risk factors, prevention efficacy, and emergency response outcomes for SCA in athletes (particularly footballers) versus the general adult population. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Included studies reported on SCA incidence, risk stratification, prevention (e.g., screening), or pre-hospital response. Data were extracted systematically, and quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Results: Of 2,158 records, 18 studies were included. In athletes, primary risks were cardiomyopathies and coronary anomalies, with an incidence of 1:50,000–1:80,000 athlete-years. Pre-participation ECG screening showed variable sensitivity (65-85%) and high specificity (90-98%). In the general population, coronary artery disease was the predominant cause (>80%). Bystander CPR and public AED use were associated with a 2- to 4-fold increase in survival (OR=2.5–4.2), though significant access and response disparities existed. Conclusion: A stratified prevention approach is essential: protocol-driven screening for athletes and aggressive management of modifiable risk factors in the general population. Equitable AED access and universal bystander CPR training are critical to improving survival. Future research should evaluate cost-effective screening and AI-enhanced risk prediction.
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Combating School Abductions in Nigeria: Pathways to Safe Learning and Sustainable Educational Development
Abstract
The increasing incidence of school abductions in Nigeria has transformed educational institutions from centres of learning into vulnerable spaces where insecurity threatens educational access, continuity and development. Against this backdrop, this paper examined combating school abductions in Nigeria as a pathway to safe learning and sustainable educational development. Specifically, the paper investigated the prevalence and patterns of school abductions in Nigeria, examined the major causes and drivers of the phenomenon, assessed the necessity of combating school abductions by analysing their effects on learners, teachers, school administration and educational development, and explored effective strategies for enhancing school safety and promoting sustainable educational development. The paper was anchored on Routine Activity Theory and Human Security Theory, which provided explanatory frameworks for understanding the vulnerabilities of educational institutions and the developmental implications of insecurity. The paper adopted the analytical review method through a critical examination and synthesis of relevant scholarly literature, empirical studies and documented evidence on school abductions and educational security in Nigeria. Findings revealed that school abductions have become a recurring security challenge driven by weak security infrastructure, inadequate intelligence systems, socio-economic deprivation, the profitability of kidnapping and institutional weaknesses. The paper further found that school abductions contribute to school closures, declining enrolment, psychological trauma, learning disruptions, teacher shortages and weakened educational outcomes. The paper concluded that sustainable educational development cannot be achieved where schools remain vulnerable to violent attacks and insecurity. It therefore recommended the strengthening of school security infrastructure, the institutionalisation of community-based intelligence and early warning mechanisms, and the implementation of socio-economic and educational resilience programmes aimed at addressing the underlying conditions that facilitate school abductions and educational disruptions.
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From Classrooms to Crisis Zones: Insecurity, Human Capital Formation, and the Future of Basic Education in Nigeria
Abstract
Education remains the most strategic mechanism through which nations develop the knowledge, skills, and competencies required for sustainable development across the world, yet growing insecurity across Nigeria has increasingly threatened the ability of the basic education system to perform this critical function. Against this backdrop, this paper examined the nexus between insecurity, human capital formation, and the future of basic education in Nigeria under the theme From Classrooms to Crisis Zones: Insecurity, Human Capital Formation, and the Future of Basic Education in Nigeria. Specifically, the paper investigated the extent to which insecurity affects access to and participation in basic education, assessed the impact of insecurity-induced disruptions in schooling on human capital formation among school-age children, and examined the implications of persistent insecurity for the future development and sustainability of basic education in Nigeria. The paper was anchored on Human Capital Theory which views education as an investment in the productive capacities of individuals. An analytical review methodology was adopted through the systematic examination, synthesis, and critical analysis of relevant theoretical, empirical, and documented evidence on insecurity and education in Nigeria. The paper revealed that persistent insecurity, manifested through terrorism, banditry, school attacks, kidnapping, and communal violence, has significantly reduced school enrolment, attendance, retention, and participation, while simultaneously disrupting learning processes and weakening human capital development. The paper further found that continued attacks on educational institutions threaten the sustainability of basic education by widening educational inequalities, discouraging teacher retention, and undermining public confidence in the educational system. The paper concluded that insecurity has become a major impediment to educational development and human capital formation in Nigeria, and therefore recommended among others the strengthening of school security architecture, implementation of targeted educational recovery programmes for affected learners, and the integration of security-sensitive planning into basic education policies to guarantee safe and uninterrupted learning.
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Delineating Potential Hydrocarbon Targets in the Anambra Basin Through Aero-Radiometric Techniques
Abstract
This study delineates prospective hydrocarbon accumulation zones in the Anambra River area using Delineation of Radiometric Anomalies (DRAD) and normalized aero-radiometric data. High-resolution airborne gamma-ray data of potassium (K), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) were processed using ternary maps, isotope ratios, and the Simplified Thorium Normalization Method (STNM) to reduce surficial and lithological effects. The results revealed characteristic hydrocarbon signatures, particularly low normalized potassium and high normalized uranium values, which identified three potential hydrocarbon-bearing locations. These locations also recorded positive DRAD values, further indicating hydrocarbon accumulation. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of radiometric methods as a cost-effective, non-invasive tool for preliminary hydrocarbon exploration and highlights their importance in frontier basin evaluation.